Integration · 13 October 2026 · Pathways

The platform didn't know what the hospital knew

An RNSH audit of 1,532 patients who missed their digital pre-op questionnaire found 21 invited while admitted, 9 after death and 23 after surgery, while 4.9% had been transferred and 5.6% had declined or been removed. Every fact was in the medical record. None stopped the invitation, because the questionnaire platform was not listening to the record's events.

When RNSH audited 1,532 patients who didn’t complete their digital pre-operative health questionnaire in 2025, some of the most striking findings had nothing to do with the patients:

  • 21 were invited while acutely unwell or already admitted
  • 9 were invited after death
  • 23 were invited after their surgery had already happened
  • 4.9% had been transferred to another site
  • 5.6% had asked to be removed or had declined surgery

In all, 541 non-completers (35.3%) never proceeded to surgery. Every one of these facts was recorded in the electronic medical record. None of them stopped the invitation going out.

The cost nobody counts

The most obvious cost is human. A family receiving a reminder to complete a health questionnaire for someone who has just died will remember it. So will a patient lying in a ward bed being asked about their exercise tolerance.

The less visible cost is labour. The poster lists the staffing factors behind the digital pathway: uploading patients into the system, troubleshooting, and follow-up. Every invalid invitation creates follow-up work for a team that is already stretched. It also inflates the non-completion figures, which makes the platform look less effective and the patients look less engaged than they are.

And in 24.4% of cases, there was no documented reason for non-completion at all. Without a feedback loop between the platform and the record, nobody can tell a disengaged patient from an invitation that should never have been sent.

What the EMR knows, and what the platform should do with it

The authors’ diagnosis is weak integration between the digital platform and the EMR. In practice that means the platform acts on a list, while the EMR holds a stream of events that should change what happens next.

EMR eventAudit findingWhat the platform should do
Death recorded9 invited after deathStop all outbound contact immediately
Admitted or acutely unwell21 invitedPause; re-time after discharge
Surgery date has passed23 invited after surgeryNever send
Transferred to another site4.9% of non-completersCancel and hand over to the receiving site
Removed from list or declined5.6% of non-completersCancel
Surgery rescheduledCited as a driverRe-time to the new date

Most Australian hospitals already publish admission, discharge and transfer events through HL7 interfaces, and newer integrations increasingly use FHIR. The data exists. What’s missing is a platform that listens and acts.

What good integration looks like

  1. A validity check before every send. Is the patient alive, not currently admitted, still on the waiting list, still booked at this site, with a surgery date in the future?
  2. Event-driven updates. Admission, discharge, transfer, death, cancellation and rescheduling events pause, re-time or cancel invitations automatically.
  3. Status written back to the record. Clinicians should see in the EMR whether a questionnaire was sent, opened, completed, or stopped, and why.
  4. Clean metrics. Completion rates should exclude invitations that were invalid when sent, so the numbers measure patient engagement rather than data quality.

Integration can sound like a back-office concern. This audit shows it decides whether the digital pathway reaches the right patient at the right time, and whether it treats them with basic dignity when it does.

Source: Zhang D, Marks A, Doane M, et al. Barriers to current perioperative digital platforms – how can innovation solve these issues? Poster, ASA CSC.

FAQ

Related questions

Does Pathways need to integrate with our PMS or EMR?

No. Pathways runs standalone from day one. The SMS-driven workflow needs no patient management or EMR integration to start, so a service can screen its next elective list without an IT project, an interface engine, or a change window. Integration is available later but is not a precondition.

This is usually the difference between a deployment measured in days and one measured in quarters. Most of the value — screening every booked patient early enough to act — does not depend on a bidirectional interface, so requiring one up front only delays the point at which the first cancellation is prevented.

When you do want it, integration is HL7 or FHIR against your patient administration and EMR systems: automated list ingestion from theatre scheduling in one direction, and write-back of the signed pre-operative summary to the patient record in the other. That is an Enterprise capability, available on Business, and it is scoped after the standalone deployment is running rather than before it.

How long does it take to deploy Pathways?

Days rather than quarters. Because Pathways runs standalone over SMS with no PMS or EMR integration required, a service can begin sending assessments on its next elective list. There is nothing for patients to install and no software to deploy on hospital workstations — the platform runs in a browser.

Can we audit why a patient was cleared or flagged?

Yes. Pathways keeps org-wide and per-patient audit logs with full workflow tracing on every risk analysis — the inputs used, the rule version that fired, the output produced, and the human who reviewed it, all timestamped. Logs are exportable for governance committees, M&M review and accreditation.

Because the safety-critical rules are deterministic and versioned, an audit is reproducible rather than merely archived: re-running a case against the rule version recorded at the time produces the same flags. That is the property that lets a decision made in March be examined in September without argument about whether the system “would have said something different”.

What happens to patients who are not high risk?

They proceed. Every completed profile carries a triage recommendation — anaesthetist review, pre-admission clinic, telephone review, or no further assessment — so clinic slots go to moderate-risk patients and anaesthetist time goes to red flags. Low-risk patients are not routed into a clinic appointment they do not need.

This is the throughput argument, and it runs in both directions. A pre-admission clinic booked out three weeks ahead with mostly healthy ASA 1 patients is not short of capacity so much as misallocating it. Screening every patient at booking makes the queue orderable by risk rather than by whoever called first.

Do patients need to download an app?

No. Patients receive a signed, time-limited SMS link and complete the assessment in their phone's browser. There is no app, no login and no password. Links expire, and expired links are visibly dead rather than silently reusable.

Links are signed with HMAC-SHA256 and time-limited. The visible-expiry behaviour matters more than it sounds: a link that silently still works is a data exposure, and a link that fails with no explanation generates a phone call to the practice.

What happens if a patient doesn't complete their assessment?

The tracker shows exactly where they stopped — sent, opened, part-way through, or expired — and automated reminders go out without anyone chasing. A link can be resent in one click. Because the status is visible per patient rather than inferred from silence, an incomplete assessment becomes a task on a list instead of a discovery on the day of surgery.

Non-completion is normal and expected — it is why the tracker exists. The failure mode worth designing against is not the patient who does not finish, but the service that does not know they did not finish until the pre-admission clinic.

Patients who genuinely cannot complete a remote assessment are then a known, named group who can be routed to a phone call or a clinic slot deliberately, rather than turning up unassessed.

What if a patient has no smartphone, or can't use one?

They are identified as a group rather than missed. The assessment needs only a phone that receives SMS and opens a link — no app, no login, no account. Patients who cannot complete it that way show as incomplete on the tracker, so the service can route them to a telephone assessment or a clinic slot deliberately instead of discovering the gap later.

The design point is that remote assessment does not have to work for every patient to be worth doing. It has to work for enough of them that the clinic’s finite capacity can be pointed at the ones it does not work for — which includes patients without a suitable phone, patients who need an interpreter, and patients who would simply rather come in.

What Pathways changes is that this group is visible in advance and small enough to plan around, instead of being indistinguishable from everyone else on the list.

Does Pathways replace the pre-admission clinic?

No. It decides who should be in it. Every completed profile carries a triage recommendation — anaesthetist review, pre-admission clinic, telephone review, or no further assessment — so clinic slots go to the patients who need them. The clinic keeps doing the same work, for a different and better-chosen set of patients.

Most pre-admission clinics are not short of clinical capability. They are short of a mechanism for allocating their capacity, so slots fill in the order bookings arrive — producing a clinic of largely well patients while a frail patient with poor functional capacity gets a short phone call.

Screening every booked patient early makes the queue orderable by risk. The clinic’s capacity does not change; what changes is who is in it.

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